708 research outputs found
KNOWLEDGE SHARING AND NEGOTIATION SUPPORT IN MULTIPERSON DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS
A number of DSS for supporting decisions by more than one person have been
proposed. These can be categorized by spatial distance (local vs. remote),
temporal distance (meeting vs. mailing), commonality of goals (cooperation
vs. bargaining), and control (democratic vs. hierarchical). Existing
frameworks for model management in single-user DSS seem insufficient for
such systems.
This paper views multiperson DSS as a loosely coupled system of model and
data bases which may be human (the DSS builders and users) or computerized.
The systems components have different knowledge bases and may have
different interests. Their interaction is characterized by knowledge
sharing for uncertainty reduction and cooperative problem-solving, and
negotiation for view integration, consensus-seeking, and compromise.
Requirements for the different types of multiperson DSS can be formalized
as application-level communications protocols. Based on a literature
review and recent experience with a number of multiperson DSS prototypes,
artificial intelligence-based message-passing protocols are compared with
database-centered approaches and model-based techniques, such as
multicriteria decision making.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
EXTERNAL SEMANTIC QUERY SIMPLIFICATION: A GRAPH-THEORETIC APPROACH AND ITS IMPLEMENTATION IN PROLOG
Semantic query simplification utilizes integrity constraints enforced
in a database system for reducing the number of tuple variables and
terms in a relational calculus query. To a large degree, this can be
done by a system that is external to the DBMS. The paper advocates
the application of database theory in such a system and describes a
working prototype of an external semantic query simplifier implemented
in Prolog. The system employs a graph-theoretic approach to integrate
tableau techniques and algorithms for the syntactic simplification of
queries containing inequality conditions. The use of integrity
constraints is shown not only to improve efficiency but also to permit
more meaningful error messages to be generated, particularly in the
case of an empty query result. The paper concludes with outlining an
extension to the multi-user case.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
A FRAMEWORK FOR THE EVALUATION OF HOSPITAL INFECTION CONTROL TECHNIQUES
A cost-effectiveness method for evaluating measures against
hospital-aquired infections is based on a network interdiction
model. Algorithms for optimal interdiction of the infection
network are presented and their applicability is discussed.
Implications of the approach for classifying measures,
allocating costs and benefits, and analyzing the costs of
infections are described. The method is being applied in an
interdisciplinary study conducted in several West German
hospitals.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
Development of Computer Science Disciplines - A Social Network Analysis Approach
In contrast to many other scientific disciplines, computer science considers
conference publications. Conferences have the advantage of providing fast
publication of papers and of bringing researchers together to present and
discuss the paper with peers. Previous work on knowledge mapping focused on the
map of all sciences or a particular domain based on ISI published JCR (Journal
Citation Report). Although this data covers most of important journals, it
lacks computer science conference and workshop proceedings. That results in an
imprecise and incomplete analysis of the computer science knowledge. This paper
presents an analysis on the computer science knowledge network constructed from
all types of publications, aiming at providing a complete view of computer
science research. Based on the combination of two important digital libraries
(DBLP and CiteSeerX), we study the knowledge network created at
journal/conference level using citation linkage, to identify the development of
sub-disciplines. We investigate the collaborative and citation behavior of
journals/conferences by analyzing the properties of their co-authorship and
citation subgraphs. The paper draws several important conclusions. First,
conferences constitute social structures that shape the computer science
knowledge. Second, computer science is becoming more interdisciplinary. Third,
experts are the key success factor for sustainability of journals/conferences
A Mediation Framework for Mobile Web Service Provisioning
Web Services and mobile data services are the newest trends in information
systems engineering in wired and wireless domains, respectively. Web Services
have a broad range of service distributions while mobile phones have large and
expanding user base. To address the confluence of Web Services and pervasive
mobile devices and communication environments, a basic mobile Web Service
provider was developed for smart phones. The performance of this Mobile Host
was also analyzed in detail. Further analysis of the Mobile Host to provide
proper QoS and to check Mobile Host's feasibility in the P2P networks,
identified the necessity of a mediation framework. The paper describes the
research conducted with the Mobile Host, identifies the tasks of the mediation
framework and then discusses the feasible realization details of such a mobile
Web Services mediation framework.Comment: Proceedings of 2006 Middleware for Web Services (MWS 2006) Workshop @
10th International IEEE EDOC Conference "The Enterprise Computing
Conference", October 16, 2006, pp. 14-17. IEEE Computer Societ
THE DESIGN OF KNOWLEDGE-BASED SYSTEMS FOR MANAGING ILL-STRUCTURED SOFTWARE PROJECTS
Current planning and control procedures for large-scale software projects are not sufficiently
equipped to deal with changing or imprecise requirements, resource breakdowns,
unexpected delays, etc. We propose a solution for managing change in
projects, based on a semantic model of the software design and development processes.
At the heart of this technique is the formation of islands of project knowledge
in a way that facilitates dealing with most design and plan revisions locally. A protocol
for interactive change management is presented that advocates need-based formation
of coalitions between islands as a means for graceful degradation in the place of strict
hierarchical control. The results of initial empirical investigations of the usability of
the approach and plans for its continuing evaluation are also reported.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
ANALOGICAL AND DEPENDENCY DIRECTED REASONING STRATEGIES FOR LARGE SYSTEMS EVOLUTION
The maintenance of large information systems involves continuous design modifications to designs in response to evolving business conditions or changing user requirements. Because of the complexity barrier associated with engineering such systems, changes can be ad hoc and prone to errors. Based on our observations of such a process in the oil industry, we believe that the systems maintenance activity would benefit greatly if the process knowledge reflecting the teleology of a design could be captured and used in order to reason about changing requirements, and to design parts of systems that might be âsimilarâ to existing ones. In this paper, we describe a partially implemented formalism called REMAP (REpresentation and MAintenance of Process knowledge) that accumulates design process knowledge to manage systems evolution. To accomplish this, REMAP acquires and maintains dependencies among the design decisions made during a prototyping process as well as the general domain-specific design rules on which such dependencies are based. This knowledge can then be applied to prototype refinement, systems maintenance, and the re-use of existing designs to construct âsimilarâ design fragments.Information Systems Working Papers Serie
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